Axe Head Types: How to Pick the Right One for the Job

Back in the day, axe heads were crafted from stone or metal and mounted on handles made of wood or bone. These powerful tools had a wide range of uses—most commonly as weapons, but they also served ceremonial purposes and practical tasks like chopping wood, clearing land, and crafting. Ancient axes were essential to daily life, helping people with everything from hunting to farming.

Today, with so many different axe heads’ designs out there, it can be downright confusing to figure out what you really need. That’s why we’re here to break it all down for you. We’ll explore some of the most popular options types of axe heads, highlight some of the most popular options, and share what to consider when choosing the right one for your projects. 

For an in-depth guide on selecting the best axe for bushcraft and camping, check out the Best Bushcraft Axes article, which can help you choose the perfect tool for outdoor adventures.

Axe Heads Explained

An axe head might seem like a simple piece of metal, but it’s actually the key to getting your job done right. The design and shape of the axe head can significantly affect its performance, so understanding what you’re working with is crucial. Whether you’re chopping firewood for your campfire on a family trip, felling old trees in the backyard, or working on a carving project, the axe with the right features can make your work easier and more efficient. If you choose the wrong one, it can make your work harder than it needs to be. Different tasks require different types of axe heads, and getting to know these variations can save you a lot of hassle in the long run.

Anatomy of an Axe Head

If you want to use your axe effectively, you need to understand its anatomy. Understanding the basic parts of the axe head can significantly improve its performance in your hands. We’ll keep it simple so you can quickly grasp how each component works together, enhancing your skills and making your woodworking projects more enjoyable.

• Bit. The bit refers to the cutting surface of the axe head, also known as the blade. This is the part that makes contact with the wood and is crucial for effective cutting.
• Bevel. The bevel is the angle that the bit forms with the handle and ends with the cutting edge. This angle is essential for determining how sharp and efficient the axe will be when in use.
• Cutting Edge. The cutting edge is the sharpened part of the bit, the edge that actually cuts through the material. Keeping this edge sharp is vital for smooth and efficient chopping.
• Toe. The toe is the upper corner of the axe head, closest to the bit. It plays a role in the overall balance and control of the axe during use.
• Heel. The heel refers to the bottom part of the axe head, specifically the rear corner. This area can help with guiding the axe during swings and can affect the way the axe bites into the wood.
• Cheek. The cheek is the smooth side of the axe head, providing a surface that helps to balance the tool and can influence its handling characteristics.
• Beard. The beard is the lower portion of the axe head, which angles down and extends further back towards the handle. This design helps to provide more control and precision during cutting.
• Poll (Butt). The poll, or butt, is the blunt end opposite the bit. This part is useful for hammering and can come in handy for driving wedges or other tools.
• Eye. The eye is the hole in the axe head where the handle is attached. A well-fitted eye ensures stability and strength during use.
• Lug. The lugs are the protruding parts that secure the axe head to the handle. They help to keep the head firmly in place and contribute to the overall durability of the axe.

Common Types of Axe Heads

There’s a whole world of axe heads out there—literally hundreds and hundreds of different types! But don’t worry; we’ve narrowed it down to three of the most commonly used axe heads that are versatile enough to handle multiple tasks.

Felling Axe Head

Felling axe heads are designed for cutting down trees and thick branches. With a thin, sharp edge and a heavy head, these axes make quick work of wood. If you’re planning on tackling some serious tree-felling or clearing a path, this is the axe head you want in your toolkit.

Splitting Axe Head

When it comes to splitting logs and kindling, a splitting axe head is your best friend. With a wider blade and a heavier weight, this axe head delivers powerful blows that split wood fibers apart, making it ideal for preparing firewood or building materials.

Hatchet Axe Head

The trusty hatchet axe head is the compact powerhouse of the axe family. Lightweight and versatile, it’s perfect for tasks ranging from light chopping around the camp to working on carving projects. If you need an axe that can handle multiple tasks without taking up too much space, a hatchet head is the way to go.

Materials for Axe Heads

The right axe head can make all the difference, and the material it’s made from is a big part of that equation. Choosing the right material ensures that your axe performs well and lasts over time. In most cases, you’ll typically find axe heads made from steel, specifically high-carbon steel. This type of steel is favored for its ability to hold a sharp edge and durability, making it an excellent choice for heavy use. It’s known for excellent edge retention, which means you won’t have to sharpen it as often. However, it’s essential to pay attention to proper maintenance to prevent rust from forming over time.

How to Choose the Perfect Axe Head for Your Needs

Choosing the right axe head is all about knowing what you’ll be using it for. Need something universal that can handle a variety of tasks? The AX1 Head for compact hatchet is great for everything from bushcraft to carving. If you’re looking for more power and a curved blade, check out the AX3 Head—it’s built for serious performance. For those who need a tool that can stand up to the rigors of heavy use while delivering top-notch performance, the AX4 Head is an excellent choice. Plus, all BeaverCraft axe heads are hand-forged, meaning they’re built tough, durable, and perfectly sharpened. Check out the axes, hatchets, and adzes collection at BeaverCraft. Our hand-forged tools are designed to tackle various woodworking tasks, ensuring durability and precision in every strike.

How to Attach and Replace an Axe Head

Replacing an axe head isn’t as daunting as it sounds. Follow this quick and simple guide that will help you through the process. First, remove the old axe head. Use a hammer to carefully tap the axe head off the handle. Next, prepare the new head. Ensure the new axe head fits snugly onto the handle. Then, attach the new head. Slide the new axe head onto the handle and secure it with a wooden wedge or metal pin. Finally, check everything for tightness. Give the axe a few firm taps to ensure everything is snug. And that’s it! With just a few simple steps, you can replace your axe head and get back to work.

Mistakes to Avoid When Selecting an Axe Head

There are a few common mistakes to steer clear of when selecting an axe head. One of the biggest pitfalls is choosing the wrong type for your specific needs. So, make sure you know what you need before you buy. Picking a felling axe when you need a carving axe is a recipe for frustration.

Another mistake is ignoring the materials because not all steels are created equal. Opt for high-carbon steel for better durability and performance. This will ensure your axe head holds a sharp edge and can withstand the rigors of your tasks

Finally, don’t underestimate the weight of the axe head. The weight directly impacts how easy it is to handle, especially for extended periods. Don’t go too heavy if you’re not comfortable managing it, as it can lead to fatigue and even injury. Additionally, maintaining your axe’s sharpness is crucial for effective use. For a comprehensive guide on keeping your axe in top condition, check out this axe sharpening guide.

By keeping these tips in mind, you can avoid common pitfalls and ensure you choose the right axe head for your projects.

For more insights into bushcraft techniques and how different tools like axes can be applied effectively in this practice, check out the comprehensive guide on bushcraft here.

 

Author:

Jack Green

Bushcraft expert

 
Hello, I'm Jack Green, an enthusiastic explorer with an insatiable curiosity for the natural world. Since my earliest memories, I've been drawn to the outdoors, finding solace and inspiration in the beauty of nature's landscapes.